news 2025/12/17 14:53:37

鸡肋的TaskFactory是时候抛弃了

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张小明

前端开发工程师

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鸡肋的TaskFactory是时候抛弃了

一、TaskFactory的作用

通过TaskFactoryk可以生成Task

并在系统线程池中执行

1. TaskFactory.StartNew调用同步方法的Case

以下是Task经典的Case

使用TaskFactory的StartNew异步执行3个耗时1秒的任务

共耗时1秒

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Hello("张三", 1000));

var task2 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Hello("李四", 1000));

var task3 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Hello("王二", 1000));

await Task.WhenAll(task, task2, task3);

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

void Hello(string name, int time = 10)

{

Thread.Sleep(time);

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Hello {name},{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss.fff}");

}

// Thread10 Hello 张三,16:13:03.553

// Thread31 Hello 王二,16:13:03.553

// Thread11 Hello 李四,16:13:03.553

// Thread17 Total Span :1010.0936

二、Task.Run也能生成并执行Task

1. Task.Run调用同步方法的Case

Task.Run也可以生成并执行同步方法

TaskFactory的StartNew效果差不多

区别在于Task.Run是静态方法

TaskFactory.StartNew是实例方法,可以手搓(自定义)

参考笔者博文重构《手搓》TaskFactory带你更安全的起飞

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = Task.Run(() => Hello("张三", 1000));

var task2 = Task.Run(() => Hello("李四", 1000));

var task3 = Task.Run(() => Hello("王二", 1000));

await Task.WhenAll(task, task2, task3);

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

// Thread31 Hello 王二,16:22:43.545

// Thread10 Hello 张三,16:22:43.545

// Thread11 Hello 李四,16:22:43.545

// Thread15 Total Span :1014.1269

2. Task.Run还能调用异步方法的Case

Task.Run还可以胜任异步处理

不知为啥TaskFactory不支持该功能

TaskFactory.FromAsync应该能实现类似功能,但明显用起来不方便

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = Task.Run(() => HelloAsync("张三", 1000));

var task2 = Task.Run(() => HelloAsync("李四", 1000));

var task3 = Task.Run(() => HelloAsync("王二", 1000));

await Task.WhenAll(task, task2, task3);

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

async Task HelloAsync(string name, int time = 10, CancellationToken token = default)

{

await Task.Delay(time, token);

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} HelloAsync {name},{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss.fff}");

}

// Thread31 HelloAsync 张三,01:35:17.541

// Thread11 HelloAsync 王二,01:35:17.541

// Thread8 HelloAsync 李四,01:35:17.541

// Thread17 Total Span :1008.7947

三、《手搓》TaskFactory能兼顾

1. 《手搓》TaskFactory调用同步方法的Case

《手搓》TaskFactory可平替系统Factory调用同步方法

还能实现系统Factory做不到的并发控制

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 3 };

var factory = new ConcurrentTaskFactory(options);

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = factory.StartNew(() => Hello("张三", 1000));

var task2 = factory.StartNew(() => Hello("李四", 1000));

var task3 = factory.StartNew(() => Hello("王二", 1000));

await Task.WhenAll(task, task2, task3);

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

// Thread11 Hello 张三,01:50:15.835

// Thread8 Hello 李四,01:50:15.835

// Thread31 Hello 王二,01:50:15.835

// Thread15 Total Span :1010.3326

2. 《手搓》TaskFactory调用异步方法的Case

《手搓》TaskFactory也能调用异步方法

《手搓》TaskFactory可以平替系统Task.Run调用异步方法

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 3 };

var factory = new ConcurrentTaskFactory(options);

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = factory.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("张三", 1000));

var task2 = factory.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("李四", 1000));

var task3 = factory.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("王二", 1000));

await Task.WhenAll(task, task2, task3);

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

// Thread31 HelloAsync 张三,01:57:06.110

// Thread8 HelloAsync 王二,01:57:06.110

// Thread11 HelloAsync 李四,01:57:06.110

// Thread17 Total Span :1004.2208

3. 《手搓》TaskFactory支持安全双保险

《手搓》TaskFactory支持Token安全保护

《手搓》TaskFactory还支持ItemLife安全保护

系统的Factory和Task.Run只能在调用时判断Token是否取消,安全作用几乎可以忽略

《手搓》TaskFactory也是Factory

既然《手搓》TaskFactory那么强大,为什么还说鸡肋呢?

那是因为这些都是《手搓》线程池提供的技术支持

完全可以直接通过《手搓》线程池实现

可以参考以前的文章异步"伪线程"重构《手搓》线程池,支持任务清退

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 1, ItemLife = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1) };

var factory = new ConcurrentTaskFactory(options);

var tokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

tokenSource.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = factory.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("张三", 2000, tokenSource.Token));

Assert.NotNull(task);

try

{

await task;

sw.Stop();

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine(($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} {ex}"));

}

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

await Task.Delay(2000);

// Thread17 System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.

// at TaskTests.Tasks.ConcurrentTaskFactoryTests.TaskItemLife() in D:\projects\HandCore.net\UnitTests\TaskTests\Tasks\ConcurrentTaskFactoryTests.cs:line 72

// Thread17 Total Span :1017.4384

四、《手搓》线程池的Task

1. 《手搓》线程池直接调用同步方法的Case

通过Processor可以直接生成异步

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 3 };

var processor = new Processor();

var pool = options.CreateJob(processor);

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = processor.StartNew(() => Hello("张三", 1000));

var task2 = processor.StartNew(() => Hello("李四", 1000));

var task3 = processor.StartNew(() => Hello("王二", 1000));

await Task.WhenAll(task, task2, task3);

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

// Thread31 Hello 王二,02:15:07.714

// Thread10 Hello 李四,02:15:07.714

// Thread11 Hello 张三,02:15:07.714

// Thread16 Total Span :1011.4239

2. 《手搓》线程池直接调用异步方法的Case

通过Processor可以直接调用异步方法

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 3 };

var processor = new Processor();

var pool = options.CreateJob(processor);

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = processor.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("张三", 1000, CancellationToken.None));

var task2 = processor.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("李四", 1000, CancellationToken.None));

var task3 = processor.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("王二", 1000, CancellationToken.None));

await Task.WhenAll(task, task2, task3);

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

// Thread8 HelloAsync 李四,02:25:06.458

// Thread11 HelloAsync 张三,02:25:06.458

// Thread31 HelloAsync 王二,02:25:06.458

// Thread17 Total Span :1005.3909

3. 《手搓》线程池双保险执行Task的Case

《手搓》线程池支持双保险执行Task

实际上QueueTaskScheduler(《手搓》TaskFactory核心组件)相当于一个特殊的Processor

ConcurrentTaskFactory内部就包含了一个手搓线程池

从某种意义来说,ConcurrentTaskFactory(《手搓》TaskFactory)有点多余

《手搓》线程池几乎能实现《手搓》TaskFactory的所有功能

还能提供其他更多功能

也可以说《手搓》TaskFactory是阉割版的线程池

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 1 };

var processor = new Processor();

var pool = options.CreateJob(processor);

var tokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

tokenSource.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));

var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

var task = processor.StartTask(() => HelloAsync("张三", 2000, tokenSource.Token));

Assert.NotNull(task);

try

{

await task;

sw.Stop();

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

sw.Stop();

_output.WriteLine(($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} {ex}"));

}

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Total Span :{sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds}");

await Task.Delay(2000);

// Thread17 System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCanceledException: A task was canceled.

// at TaskTests.Job.ProcessorTests.HelloAsync(String name, Int32 time, CancellationToken token) in D:\projects\HandCore.net\UnitTests\TaskTests\Job\ProcessorTests.cs:line 207

// at Hand.Tasks.Internal.TaskFuncState.RunAsync(CancellationToken token) in D:\projects\HandCore.net\Hand.Tasks\Internal\TaskFuncState.cs:line 32

// at Hand.Job.Processor.Hand.Job.IQueueProcessor<Hand.States.IState<System.Boolean>>.Run(IQueue`1 queue, ThreadJobService`1 service, CancellationToken token) in D:\projects\HandCore.net\Hand.Job\Processor.cs:line 155

// at TaskTests.Job.ProcessorTests.TaskItemLife() in D:\projects\HandCore.net\UnitTests\TaskTests\Job\ProcessorTests.cs:line 189

// Thread17 Total Span :1008.4003

五、《手搓》线程池与系统线程池有区别吗?

当然有区别,而且区别很大

系统线程池是面对过程的,也就是委托方法,可以带一个object参数

《手搓》线程池是面向对象的

1. 《手搓》线程池的组成

其一要处理的对象类型

其二对象集合(队列)

其三是处理器(处理逻辑)

可以支持高度定制

class ReduceJobService<TItem>

{

/// <summary>

/// 队列

/// </summary>

public IQueue<TItem> Queue { get; }

/// <summary>

/// 处理器

/// </summary>

public IQueueProcessor<TItem> Processor { get; }

}

1. 《手搓》线程池默认处理器

这是一个有状态任务处理器

线程池保护可以基于这个状态

其中的状态为bool类型,true为有效,false就表示线程池应该清退它

Processor支持同步(IJobItem)和异步(IAsyncJobItem)两种任务

通过实现IExceptionable订阅异常处理

通过实现ICancelable订阅取消处理

为了兼容系统线程池使用习惯,默认提供了基于委托(方法)的处理逻辑

实际《手搓》线程池是面向对象的

《手搓》线程池是可以高度私人订制的线程池

有谁会不喜欢私人定制自己的线程池呢

class Processor(IQueue<IState<bool>> queue)

: IQueueProcessor<IState<bool>>;

/// <summary>

/// 状态

/// </summary>

/// <typeparam name="TStatus"></typeparam>

interface IState<TStatus>

{

/// <summary>

/// 状态

/// </summary>

TStatus Status { get; }

}

interface IExceptionable

{

/// <summary>

/// 触发异常回调

/// </summary>

/// <param name="exception"></param>

void OnException(Exception exception);

}

interface ICancelable

{

/// <summary>

/// 取消

/// </summary>

void OnCancel();

}

2. 《手搓》线程池支持私人定制任务

2.1 必需实现接口IState<bool>

只有一个Status属性告诉线程池你这个任务当前是否有效

如果Status为false线程池不会执行,直接忽略该任务

如果执行中途变成false,线程池会清退该任务

2.2 实现IJobItem或IAsyncJobItem

同步处理实现IJobItem

异步处理实现IAsyncJobItem

2.3 可选实现IExceptionable

实现IExceptionable可以订阅异常处理

2.4 可选实现ICancelable

实现ICancelable可以订阅取消处理

特别要注意,有些取消往往会触发异常

如果要完全处理取消,一般IExceptionable也是要实现的

3. 《手搓》线程池支持私人定制处理器

通过实现接口IQueueProcessor可以定制处理器

定制自己的处理器逻辑可能是一个更好的选择

比如为了性能专门处理异步或同步

或者处理特殊的数据结构和封装自己的异常处理逻辑

示例MyProcessor就是定制处理器

MyProcessor紧贴业务,无需委托封装也无需定义IAsyncJobItem对象,直接处理业务对象

内存和性能都能做到极致

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 10 };

var processor = new MyProcessor(_output);

var pool = options.CreateJob(processor);

for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)

{

pool.Add("User" + i);

}

await Task.Delay(1000);

/// <summary>

/// 自定义处理器

/// </summary>

/// <param name="output"></param>

class MyProcessor(ITestOutputHelper output)

: IQueueProcessor<string>

{

private readonly ITestOutputHelper _output = output;

/// <inheritdoc />

public async void Run(IQueue<string> queue, ThreadJobService<string> service, CancellationToken token)

{

while (queue.TryDequeue(out var item))

{

if (service.Activate(item))

await RunItemAsync(item, token);

if (token.IsCancellationRequested)

break;

}

// 用完释放(回收)

service.Dispose();

}

/// <summary>

/// 执行单个

/// </summary>

/// <param name="item"></param>

/// <param name="token"></param>

/// <returns></returns>

public async Task RunItemAsync(string item, CancellationToken token)

{

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Hello {item},{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss.fff}");

try

{

await Task.Delay(10, token);

}

catch { }

}

}

// Thread8 Hello User1,19:49:05.835

// Thread34 Hello User5,19:49:05.836

// Thread36 Hello User7,19:49:05.836

// Thread35 Hello User6,19:49:05.836

// Thread33 Hello User4,19:49:05.835

// Thread11 Hello User0,19:49:05.835

// Thread31 Hello User2,19:49:05.835

// Thread37 Hello User8,19:49:05.836

// Thread32 Hello User3,19:49:05.835

// Thread38 Hello User9,19:49:05.836

// Thread31 Hello User10,19:49:05.853

// Thread36 Hello User11,19:49:05.853

// Thread37 Hello User12,19:49:05.853

// Thread38 Hello User13,19:49:05.853

// Thread34 Hello User14,19:49:05.853

// Thread8 Hello User15,19:49:05.853

// Thread35 Hello User16,19:49:05.853

// Thread33 Hello User17,19:49:05.853

// Thread11 Hello User19,19:49:05.853

// Thread32 Hello User18,19:49:05.853

// Thread33 Hello User20,19:49:05.868

// Thread35 Hello User21,19:49:05.868

// Thread34 Hello User22,19:49:05.868

// Thread8 Hello User23,19:49:05.868

// Thread34 Hello User24,19:49:05.868

// Thread35 Hello User26,19:49:05.868

// Thread37 Hello User25,19:49:05.868

// Thread8 Hello User28,19:49:05.868

// Thread33 Hello User27,19:49:05.868

// Thread38 Hello User29,19:49:05.868

// Thread38 Hello User30,19:49:05.884

// Thread37 Hello User31,19:49:05.884

// Thread38 Hello User32,19:49:05.884

// Thread8 Hello User34,19:49:05.884

// Thread35 Hello User35,19:49:05.884

// Thread33 Hello User33,19:49:05.884

// Thread38 Hello User36,19:49:05.884

// Thread38 Hello User37,19:49:05.884

// Thread8 Hello User39,19:49:05.884

// Thread34 Hello User38,19:49:05.884

// Thread37 Hello User40,19:49:05.900

// Thread34 Hello User41,19:49:05.900

// Thread37 Hello User43,19:49:05.900

// Thread34 Hello User44,19:49:05.900

// Thread8 Hello User42,19:49:05.900

// Thread34 Hello User45,19:49:05.900

// Thread34 Hello User46,19:49:05.900

// Thread34 Hello User48,19:49:05.900

// Thread37 Hello User47,19:49:05.900

// Thread38 Hello User49,19:49:05.900

// Thread38 Hello User50,19:49:05.916

// Thread37 Hello User51,19:49:05.916

// Thread34 Hello User52,19:49:05.916

// Thread8 Hello User53,19:49:05.916

// Thread35 Hello User54,19:49:05.916

// Thread38 Hello User56,19:49:05.916

// Thread8 Hello User57,19:49:05.916

// Thread34 Hello User58,19:49:05.916

// Thread33 Hello User55,19:49:05.916

// Thread36 Hello User59,19:49:05.916

// Thread36 Hello User60,19:49:05.932

// Thread35 Hello User62,19:49:05.932

// Thread33 Hello User61,19:49:05.932

// Thread34 Hello User63,19:49:05.932

// Thread38 Hello User64,19:49:05.932

// Thread35 Hello User65,19:49:05.932

// Thread38 Hello User67,19:49:05.932

// Thread34 Hello User68,19:49:05.932

// Thread36 Hello User66,19:49:05.932

// Thread8 Hello User69,19:49:05.932

// Thread8 Hello User70,19:49:05.948

// Thread36 Hello User71,19:49:05.948

// Thread8 Hello User75,19:49:05.948

// Thread38 Hello User74,19:49:05.948

// Thread34 Hello User73,19:49:05.948

// Thread36 Hello User72,19:49:05.948

// Thread38 Hello User77,19:49:05.948

// Thread35 Hello User76,19:49:05.948

// Thread36 Hello User78,19:49:05.948

// Thread33 Hello User79,19:49:05.948

// Thread8 Hello User80,19:49:05.964

// Thread36 Hello User82,19:49:05.964

// Thread33 Hello User81,19:49:05.964

// Thread35 Hello User83,19:49:05.964

// Thread8 Hello User86,19:49:05.964

// Thread36 Hello User85,19:49:05.964

// Thread33 Hello User87,19:49:05.964

// Thread8 Hello User88,19:49:05.964

// Thread34 Hello User84,19:49:05.964

// Thread38 Hello User89,19:49:05.964

// Thread38 Hello User90,19:49:05.980

// Thread34 Hello User91,19:49:05.980

// Thread34 Hello User94,19:49:05.980

// Thread8 Hello User93,19:49:05.980

// Thread34 Hello User95,19:49:05.980

// Thread38 Hello User92,19:49:05.980

// Thread38 Hello User97,19:49:05.980

// Thread34 Hello User98,19:49:05.980

// Thread35 Hello User96,19:49:05.980

// Thread33 Hello User99,19:49:05.980

4. ActionProcessor

ActionProcessor非常简单,只支持执行Action

正因为它逻辑简单,能获得更好的性能,专治性能强迫症患者

虽然简单,线程池的任务清退和并发控制却一点也不打折

把它是比喻为“小李飞刀”一点都不为过

var options = new ReduceOptions { ConcurrencyLevel = 1 };

var pool = options.CreateJob(ActionProcessor.Instance);

pool.Add(() => Hello("张三"));

pool.Add(() => Hello("李四"));

await Task.Delay(1000);

void Hello(string name)

{

_output.WriteLine($"Thread{Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId} Hello {name},{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss.fff}");

Thread.Sleep(1);

}

// Thread11 Hello 张三,09:57:57.195

// Thread11 Hello 李四,09:57:57.202

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